第一章读书笔记:《Innovation on demand》chapter 1 reading Note – Zero
第2,3,4章是TRIZ的第一个方面,即问题分析方法和概念构思方法(“the problem analysis and concept development tools”),包括技术矛盾,物场理论和具体TRIZ流程。
- 2 Resolving system conflicts 技术矛盾
- 2.1 Technological systems 技术系统
- 2.2 Functions 系统的功能
- 2.3 Ideal technological system 理想系统,理想机器
- 2.4 Mini-and maxi-problems 简化和扩展问题(??)
- 2.5 System conflicts 系统矛盾
- 2.6 Resolving system conflicts 解决系统矛盾
- 2.7 Summary
- 3 Substance-Field analysis物场分析 (如何把所有的系统归纳到物场分析)
- 4 ARIZ方法介绍
第二章主要从“技术系统”的角度分析问题,以下是我对第二章各小节的内容分析
- 技术系统:从“技术系统”的角度去分析解决问题,强调“系统思维”,比如弄清楚系统中的组成、功能和联系(对应《系统之美》的系统三要素),这就是part 2.1和2.2的内容。
- 理想系统&理想机器:明确目标是什么,技术系统的终极(ultimate)目标是“理想系统”,弄清楚理想状态的系统是怎样的,更容易指导我们改进当前的系统。(对应《你的灯亮着吗?》的问题定义:问题就是现状和目标之间的差距),这就是part 2.3 的内容
- mini-和maxi 问题: 把问题简化变成mini-problem;也可以把问题扩展变成maxi -problems,我记得《微创新》这本书就举了一个类似的例子——思考通用问题的解法。
- 技术矛盾:有矛盾才有创新,而分析清楚矛盾,就是清晰定义问题的关键步骤之一。
以下是免费kindle能看到的前两节的关键内容
Chapter 2. Resolving system conflicts
Problem solving is the core of concept development.
不要着急去解决问题,先把问题弄清楚!
Designers are usually taught that it is impossible to have the “best of both worlds,” so they take for granted that trade-offs are unavoidable.
传统性解决问题只是实现矛盾的妥协(trade off, compromise),而创新性解决问题是实现“两全其美”,解决矛盾而不是达成妥协,比如第一章介绍psychological inertia的一个例子,汽车尾气排放管如何同时满足三个指标?
In other words, trade-offs are inherently suboptimal designs.
This chapter describes concepts and tools of TRIZ that make developing trade-off-free – i.e., breakthrough–designs possible.
2.1 Technological systems
系统思维:从系统的角度看问题!
系统可以分拆为多个子系统subsystem,系统又被一个或多个“超系统”覆盖。 所以系统思维的体现就是higher level thinking!
Properties of each subsystem are influenced by the properties of the higher-and lower-level systems.
One system can belong to various higher-level systems that may impose conflicting requirements on this system.
缺乏功能性联系(functional connection)的部件组合只是crowd而不是system,真正的系统要满足三要素的定义(部件、功能、和联系),具有1+1>2的效果。而技术进步的一个体现就是越来越多的functional connection的system。
Migration from proto-systems to systems is one of the principal vectors of technological evolution.
the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Therefore, the main advantage of a system over separate elements is its systemic effect. The emergence of a systemic effect is a reliable criterion that the design is right.
2.2 Functions 系统的功能
描述functions,需要包括两个部件:一是objects,即动作action的客体对象(action receiver);二是tools,即action的主体。连接objects和tools的就是action,function的三要素:(tools) — action—(objects)。
A description of a function includes the action produced by both the tool and the object (action receiver)
• A function is an intended direct physical action of the tool on the object.
• An object is a component to be controlled.
• A tool is a component that directly controls the physical parameters (behavior) of the object.
精确的描述功能很重要,这就像《创新算法》中的“清晰的描述问题”的一部分。
错误:the function of a ship propeller is to drive the ship. (具体的action是什么?drive太抽象)
正确:the function of the propeller is to move the water.
错误:Hot air dries hair
正确:Hot air evaporates water
错误:Fan cools the body
正确:Fan moves the air (gas)
错误:Lens magnifies the object
正确:Lens diffracts light
涉及到基本物理量时,一定要小心,明确tool,action和object分别是什么
Another common inaccuracy in defining a function is to use non-physical terms. These are usually technical parameters (e.g., temperature, pressure, productivity, etc.), consumer-related characteristics (e.g., quality, reliability, accessibility, etc.), and phenomena (e.g., friction, etc.). “The air conditioner improves the tenants’ comfort” is an incorrect function formulation when practicing TRIZ. Improved comfort is the result of cooling the air by the air conditioner.
2019-11-13 地铁 搞定本书的免费部分
2024-8-4 上次阅读本书,还是在天津地铁上,重读一遍学习笔记并简单更新